CONVERSION FACTORS
NCV, dry matter (0% moisture) |
Moisture content |
NCV, as received | Bulk density | Energy density | |||
| MWh/t | GJ/t | % | MWh/t | GJ/t | kg/m3 | GJ/m3 | |
| Stem wood chips | 5.1-5.6 | 18.5-20.0 | 40-55 | 1.9-3.1 | 7.0-11.0 | 250-350 | 2.5-3.2 |
| Whole tree chips | 5.1-5.6 | 18.5-20.0 | 45-55 | 1.9-2.8 | 7.0-10.0 | 250-350 | 2.5-3.2 |
| Sawdust | 5.3 | 19.0-19.2 | 45-60 | 1.7-2.8 | 6.0-10.0 | 250-350 | 1.6-2.5 |
| Bark (birch) | 5.8-6.4 | 21.0-23.0 | 45-55 | 2.2-2.8 | 8.0-11.0 | 300-400 | 2.2-3.2 |
| Bark (coniferous) | 5.1-5.6 | 18.5-20.0 | 50-65 | 1.4-2.5 | 5.0-9.0 | 250-350 | 1.8-2.5 |
| Wood pellets | 5.3 | 19.0-19.2 | 8-10 | 4.7 | 17 | 650-750 | 11 |
| Briquettes | 5.3 | 19.0-19.2 | 8-10 | 4.8 | 17.3 | 650-750 | 11 |
| Energy grasses | 4.8-4.9 | 17.1-17.5 | 15-30 | 3.1-3.9 | 11.0-14.2 | 70 | 0.8-1.4 |
| Peat (sod) | 5.9 | 21.2 | 39 | 3.3 | 12 | 380 | 4.7 |
| Peat (pellets) | 5.5-5.8 | 19.7-21.0 | 9-16 | 4.6-5.2 | 16.6-18.7 | 680-770 | 11.2-14.4 |
| Straw (chopped) | 4.9 | 17.4 | 17-25 | 3.4-3.9 | 12.4-14.0 | 80 | 1.1-1.4 |
| Corn residues | 5.1 | 18.4 | 50 | 2.2 | 8 | - | - |
| Coal | 7.8 | 27.9 | 10 | 6.9 | 24.8 | - | - |
| Heavy fuel oil | 11.5 | 41.0-41.3 | 0.3-0.5 | 11.4 | 40.9-41.2 | - | - |
| MSW from households | 5.1-6.5 | 18.5-23.4 | 25-36 | 3.3-4.7 | 11.7-16.9 | 150-200 | 2.5-3.6 |
| Black liquor | 3.5-4.2 | 12.5-15.0 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Lignin powder/ pellets | 7.1 | 25.4 | 30 | 4.8 | 17.1 | - | - |
Sources: FAO, VTT, Vapo Oy, Sodra, Lignoboost